When European ships began their journeys across the world’s oceans during the Early Modern Period, they undertook ventures that were both exceedingly expensive and fraught with considerable dangers. Take, for example, the notorious first circumnavigation led by Ferdinand Magellan (c. 1480–1521), which occurred from 20 September 1519 to 6 September 1522. Magellan departed with five […]

For any astute reader keen on the evolution of mathematics, it is vital to assess the validity of assertions regarding key figures and milestones. One such individual often referenced in the realm of mathematical progress is Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, a Persian intellectual whose work is frequently central to the chronicles of mathematical development. Nonetheless, […]

A few decades back, it was quite trendy in the media and the pop history of science to announce in bold capital letters SHOCK! HORROR! Did you know that Isaac Newton, regarded as the father of modern science, had faith in alchemy? Historians of science would then attempt to calmly clarify that this was widely […]

Over the years, the name Galileo Galilei has come to symbolize scientific progress and resilience against the stifling forces of established beliefs. However, this prevalent admiration frequently neglects the intricacies of his life and contributions. While Galileo’s successes in astronomy and mechanics are indisputable, depicting him as an isolated genius who single-handedly launched modern science […]

Mathematical instruction in England during the late sixteenth century was noticeably behind that of continental Europe. Unlike the advancements occurring across Europe, where universities and schools began to integrate mathematical subjects into their programs, England faced challenges in nurturing proficiency in applied mathematical sciences such as navigation, cartography, and surveying. Throughout the medieval era, the […]